Marine Cultural Tourism in Bali: A Study of The Interplay Between Marine and Cultural Attractions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33649/iconmths.v1i1.387Kata Kunci:
Bali, Cultural Tourism, Heritage, tourism, Marine TourismAbstrak
This study explores the concept of marine and cultural tourism in Bali, focusing on the interplay between marine and cultural attractions. Bali, known for its rich cultural heritage and stunning marine environments, offers a unique blend of cultural and marine tourism experiences. This paper aims to analyze the potential of maritime cultural tourism in Bali and its contribution to sustainable tourism development. The study employs a qualitative research methodology, incorporating secondary data sources. The findings highlight the importance of integrating marine and cultural attractions to create a comprehensive and sustainable tourism strategy for Bali. The study concludes that marine and cultural tourism can be a vital component in Bali's tourism industry, enhancing the island's cultural and environmental sustainability.
Referensi
Ardiyanto, F., Prakasa, G., & Achmadi, T. (2024). Rediscover Paradise: Elevating Bali’S Marine Tourism Through Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Sswm). Journal of Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 5(1), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.12962/j27745449.v5i1.1069
Astuti, N. N. S., Virginiya, P. T., Bagiastuti, N. K., & Septevany, E. (2024). The future of green tourism in Bali: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Applied Sciences in Travel and Hospitality, 7(2), 178–195. https://doi.org/10.31940/jasth.v7i2.178-195
Banarsyadhimi, U. R. A. M. F., Dargusch, P., & Kurniawan, F. (2022). Assessing the Impact of Marine Tourism and Protection on Cultural Ecosystem Services Using Integrated Approach: A Case Study of Gili Matra Islands. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912078
Cole, S. (2014). Tourism and water: from stakeholders to rights holders, and what tourism businesses need to do. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(1), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.776062
Cole, S., & Browne, M. (2015). Tourism and Water Inequity in Bali: A Social-Ecological Systems Analysis. Human Ecology, 43(3), 439–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-015-9739-z
Dolezal, C., & Novelli, M. (2022). Power in community-based tourism: empowerment and partnership in Bali. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(10), 2352–2370. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1838527
Drius, M., Bongiorni, L., Depellegrin, D., Menegon, S., Pugnetti, A., & Stifter, S. (2019). Tackling challenges for Mediterranean sustainable coastal tourism: An ecosystem service perspective. Science of the Total Environment, 652, 1302–1317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.121
Fofit, S., & Info, A. (2023). Marine Tourism Development Strategy in Raja Ampat. Scientia Journal, 12(03), 3538–3545. http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php
Frederiksen, P., Morf, A., von Thenen, M., Armoskaite, A., Luhtala, H., Schiele, K. S., Strake, S., & Hansen, H. S. (2021). Proposing an ecosystem services-based framework to assess sustainability impacts of maritime spatial plans (MSP-SA). Ocean and Coastal Management, 208(June 2020), 105577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105577
Huang, S. C., Chang, Y., & Chang, S. K. (2024). From regional effectiveness evaluation and community engagement toward effective marine protected areas. Ocean and Coastal Management, 251(November 2023), 107075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107075
Johnson, A. F., Gonzales, C., Townsel, A., & Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M. (2019). Marine ecotourism in the gulf of california and the baja california peninsula: Research trends and information gaps | Ecoturismo marino en el golfo de california y península de baja california: Tendencias de investigación y vacíos de información. Scientia Marina, 83(2), 177–185.
Kastenholz, E., & Gronau, W. (2020). Enhancing Competences For Co-Creating Appealing And Meaningful Cultural Heritage Experiences In Tourism. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 20(10), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020951637
Kinseng, R. A., Nasdian, F. T., Fatchiya, A., Mahmud, A., & Stanford, R. J. (2018). Marine-tourism development on a small island in Indonesia: blessing or curse? Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(11), 1062–1072. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1515781
Munro, J., Kobryn, H., Palmer, D., Bayley, S., & Moore, S. A. (2019). Charting the coast: spatial planning for tourism using public participation GIS. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(4), 486–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1346589
Naja, D. A., Suprayogi, S., Marfai, M. A., & Mardiatno, D. (2021). A study on the social network analyses of dive centers and sustainable tourism development in pemuteran bali, indonesia. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 36(2), 603–615. https://doi.org/10.30892/GTG.362SPL07-689
Ollivaud, P., & Haxton, P. (2018). Making the most of tourism to promote sustainable regional development. 1535, 113–149. https://doi.org/10.1787/eco_surveys-idn-2018-6-en
Orams, M. (1999). MARINE TOURISM: Development, impacts and management. Routledge.
Picard, M. (1990). “Cultural Tourism” in Bali: Cultural Performances as Tourist Attraction.
Pickel-Chevalier, S. (2015). Can equestrian tourism be a solution for sustainable tourism development in France? Loisir et Societe, 38(1), 110–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2015.1007580
Purnamawati, I. G. A., Adnyani, N. K. S., & Suastika, I. N. (2015). The Conservation of Perang Pandan Tradition for the Socio- Economic Life of Adat Community in Tenganan Pagringsingan Bali. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.020
Putra, I. N. D. (2014). Bali: Between Cultural and Marine Tourism. Jurnal Kajian Bali, 4(1), 15–30.
Rachiotis, T., & Poulaki, P. (2024). Cultural Routes As A Factor Of Sustainable Management Of Cultural Reserve And Development Of Cultural Tourism. Sustainable Development, Culture, Traditions Journal, 4a(June). https://doi.org/10.26341/issn.2241-4002-2024-4a-4-T02072
Rahmadani, K., & Putra, I. M. (2024). Community Strategy in Economic Improvement Based on the Utilization of Perlis Marine Natural Resources. Amalee: Indonesian Journal of Community Research and Engagement, 5(1), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.37680/amalee.v5i1.4405
Reddy, K., & Sailesh, B. (2024). ournal of Environmental Management and Tourism Biannually. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 15(c3(75)), 501–520.
Rismayanti, R., Musadieq, M., & Aini, E. (2018). PENGARUH KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTION SERTA DAMPAKNYA PADA KINERJA KARYAWAN (Studi Pada Karyawan Tetap Pg Kebon Agung Malang). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB)|Vol, 61(2).
Salmi, P., Arias-Schreiber, M., & Svels, K. (2023). Societal Transformations and Governance Challenges of Coastal Small-Scale Fisheries in the Northern Baltic Sea. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20740-2_13
Saputro, B. A., Adha, M., Azri, S., Ramadhanty, U., Mahaswa, R. K., Saputro, B. A., Adha, M., Azri, S., & Ramadhanty, U. (2024). Preserving Harmony in Bali: An Environmental Philosophy Approach to Tackling Over-tourism. Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities: The 11th International Conference on Nusantara Philosophy. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.411456
Saraswati, S. A., Negara, I. K. W., & Pebriani, D. A. A. (2020). Characteristics of Beach Typology for the Development of Marine Tourism in the Blue Lagoon Beach of Karangasem Bali. Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 4(2), 49. https://doi.org/10.24843/atbes.2020.v04.i02.p05
Sukmadiarta, P. P. T., & Sunariani, N. N. (2023). The management model of Ceking Terrace Tegallalang based on sustainable tourism development. Review of Management, Accounting, and Business Studies, 4(2), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.38043/revenue.v4i2.5122
Usman, Taruh, V., Widia, K. D., & Rumampuk, F. (2021). Management of Marine Tourism with a Model Approach Community Based Tourism in Increasing Public Income at Tourist Attractions in Bone Bolango Regency , Indonesia. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 6(9), 103–110.
Velmurugan, S., Vazhakkatte Thazhathethil, B., & George, B. (2021). A study of visitor impact management practices and visitor satisfaction at Eravikulam National Park, India. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 9(4), 463–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2021.11.006
Wahyuni, I. A. T., & Adikampana, I. M. (2021). Peran Operator Wisata Bahari dan Wisatawan Terhadap Pelestarian Terumbu Karang di Pulau Menjangan Kawasan Taman Nasional Bali Barat. Jurnal Destinasi Pariwisata, 9(1), 211. https://doi.org/10.24843/jdepar.2021.v09.i01.p27
Weaver, D. B. (2017). Core–periphery relationships and the sustainability paradox of small island tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 42(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2016.1228559
Westoby, R., Gardiner, S., Carter, R. W., & Scott, N. (2021). Sustainable livelihoods from tourism in the “10 New Balis” in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(6), 702–716. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2021.1908386
Widnyani, I. A. P. S., Antara, I. M. K., & Dewi, N. D. U. (2019). Local Governance Collaboration Model For Preserving Marine Ecosystem In The Coastal Area of Nusa Lembongan Island, Klungkung Regency, Bali. Iapa Proceedings Conference, 210. https://doi.org/10.30589/proceedings.2018.195
Winchenbach, A., Hanna, P., & Miller, G. (2022). Constructing identity in marine tourism diversification. Annals of Tourism Research, 95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103441
Xu, L., Ao, C., Liu, B., & Cai, Z. (2021). Exploring the Influence of Multidimensional Tourist Satisfaction on Preferences for Wetland Ecotourism: a Case Study in Zhalong National Nature Reserve, China. Wetlands, 41(8), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01515-5
Yapanto, L. M., & Paramata, A. R. (2024). Strategy of maritime tourism management Areas ( case study in Gorontalo Province ). 35(2), 29–39.
Yasa, P. N. S., Amerta, I. M. S., Raka, A. A. G., & Sentosa, I. (2023). The Role of Governance in Improving Socio-Economic, Environmental Preservation and Local Culture in Bali Tourism. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.28-10-2022.2328245
Zeng, B. (2017). Cultural centre, destination cultural offer and visitor satisfaction. Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su9111984
Ardiyanto, F., Prakasa, G., & Achmadi, T. (2024). Rediscover Paradise: Elevating Bali’S Marine Tourism Through Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Sswm). Journal of Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 5(1), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.12962/j27745449.v5i1.1069
Astuti, N. N. S., Virginiya, P. T., Bagiastuti, N. K., & Septevany, E. (2024). The future of green tourism in Bali: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Applied Sciences in Travel and Hospitality, 7(2), 178–195. https://doi.org/10.31940/jasth.v7i2.178-195
Banarsyadhimi, U. R. A. M. F., Dargusch, P., & Kurniawan, F. (2022). Assessing the Impact of Marine Tourism and Protection on Cultural Ecosystem Services Using Integrated Approach: A Case Study of Gili Matra Islands. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912078
Cole, S. (2014). Tourism and water: from stakeholders to rights holders, and what tourism businesses need to do. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(1), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.776062
Cole, S., & Browne, M. (2015). Tourism and Water Inequity in Bali: A Social-Ecological Systems Analysis. Human Ecology, 43(3), 439–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-015-9739-z
Dolezal, C., & Novelli, M. (2022). Power in community-based tourism: empowerment and partnership in Bali. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(10), 2352–2370. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1838527
Drius, M., Bongiorni, L., Depellegrin, D., Menegon, S., Pugnetti, A., & Stifter, S. (2019). Tackling challenges for Mediterranean sustainable coastal tourism: An ecosystem service perspective. Science of the Total Environment, 652, 1302–1317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.121
Fofit, S., & Info, A. (2023). Marine Tourism Development Strategy in Raja Ampat. Scientia Journal, 12(03), 3538–3545. http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php
Frederiksen, P., Morf, A., von Thenen, M., Armoskaite, A., Luhtala, H., Schiele, K. S., Strake, S., & Hansen, H. S. (2021). Proposing an ecosystem services-based framework to assess sustainability impacts of maritime spatial plans (MSP-SA). Ocean and Coastal Management, 208(June 2020), 105577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105577
Huang, S. C., Chang, Y., & Chang, S. K. (2024). From regional effectiveness evaluation and community engagement toward effective marine protected areas. Ocean and Coastal Management, 251(November 2023), 107075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107075
Johnson, A. F., Gonzales, C., Townsel, A., & Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M. (2019). Marine ecotourism in the gulf of california and the baja california peninsula: Research trends and information gaps | Ecoturismo marino en el golfo de california y península de baja california: Tendencias de investigación y vacíos de información. Scientia Marina, 83(2), 177–185.
Kastenholz, E., & Gronau, W. (2020). Enhancing Competences For Co-Creating Appealing And Meaningful Cultural Heritage Experiences In Tourism. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 20(10), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020951637
Kinseng, R. A., Nasdian, F. T., Fatchiya, A., Mahmud, A., & Stanford, R. J. (2018). Marine-tourism development on a small island in Indonesia: blessing or curse? Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(11), 1062–1072. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1515781
Munro, J., Kobryn, H., Palmer, D., Bayley, S., & Moore, S. A. (2019). Charting the coast: spatial planning for tourism using public participation GIS. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(4), 486–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1346589
Naja, D. A., Suprayogi, S., Marfai, M. A., & Mardiatno, D. (2021). A study on the social network analyses of dive centers and sustainable tourism development in pemuteran bali, indonesia. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 36(2), 603–615. https://doi.org/10.30892/GTG.362SPL07-689
Ollivaud, P., & Haxton, P. (2018). Making the most of tourism to promote sustainable regional development. 1535, 113–149. https://doi.org/10.1787/eco_surveys-idn-2018-6-en
Orams, M. (1999). MARINE TOURISM: Development, impacts and management. Routledge.
Picard, M. (1990). “Cultural Tourism” in Bali: Cultural Performances as Tourist Attraction.
Pickel-Chevalier, S. (2015). Can equestrian tourism be a solution for sustainable tourism development in France? Loisir et Societe, 38(1), 110–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2015.1007580
Purnamawati, I. G. A., Adnyani, N. K. S., & Suastika, I. N. (2015). The Conservation of Perang Pandan Tradition for the Socio- Economic Life of Adat Community in Tenganan Pagringsingan Bali. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.020
Putra, I. N. D. (2014). Bali: Between Cultural and Marine Tourism. Jurnal Kajian Bali, 4(1), 15–30.
Rachiotis, T., & Poulaki, P. (2024). Cultural Routes As A Factor Of Sustainable Management Of Cultural Reserve And Development Of Cultural Tourism. Sustainable Development, Culture, Traditions Journal, 4a(June). https://doi.org/10.26341/issn.2241-4002-2024-4a-4-T02072
Rahmadani, K., & Putra, I. M. (2024). Community Strategy in Economic Improvement Based on the Utilization of Perlis Marine Natural Resources. Amalee: Indonesian Journal of Community Research and Engagement, 5(1), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.37680/amalee.v5i1.4405
Reddy, K., & Sailesh, B. (2024). ournal of Environmental Management and Tourism Biannually. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 15(c3(75)), 501–520.
Rismayanti, R., Musadieq, M., & Aini, E. (2018). PENGARUH KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTION SERTA DAMPAKNYA PADA KINERJA KARYAWAN (Studi Pada Karyawan Tetap Pg Kebon Agung Malang). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB)|Vol, 61(2).
Salmi, P., Arias-Schreiber, M., & Svels, K. (2023). Societal Transformations and Governance Challenges of Coastal Small-Scale Fisheries in the Northern Baltic Sea. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20740-2_13
Saputro, B. A., Adha, M., Azri, S., Ramadhanty, U., Mahaswa, R. K., Saputro, B. A., Adha, M., Azri, S., & Ramadhanty, U. (2024). Preserving Harmony in Bali: An Environmental Philosophy Approach to Tackling Over-tourism. Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities: The 11th International Conference on Nusantara Philosophy. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.411456
Saraswati, S. A., Negara, I. K. W., & Pebriani, D. A. A. (2020). Characteristics of Beach Typology for the Development of Marine Tourism in the Blue Lagoon Beach of Karangasem Bali. Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 4(2), 49. https://doi.org/10.24843/atbes.2020.v04.i02.p05
Sukmadiarta, P. P. T., & Sunariani, N. N. (2023). The management model of Ceking Terrace Tegallalang based on sustainable tourism development. Review of Management, Accounting, and Business Studies, 4(2), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.38043/revenue.v4i2.5122
Usman, Taruh, V., Widia, K. D., & Rumampuk, F. (2021). Management of Marine Tourism with a Model Approach Community Based Tourism in Increasing Public Income at Tourist Attractions in Bone Bolango Regency , Indonesia. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 6(9), 103–110.
Velmurugan, S., Vazhakkatte Thazhathethil, B., & George, B. (2021). A study of visitor impact management practices and visitor satisfaction at Eravikulam National Park, India. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 9(4), 463–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2021.11.006
Wahyuni, I. A. T., & Adikampana, I. M. (2021). Peran Operator Wisata Bahari dan Wisatawan Terhadap Pelestarian Terumbu Karang di Pulau Menjangan Kawasan Taman Nasional Bali Barat. Jurnal Destinasi Pariwisata, 9(1), 211. https://doi.org/10.24843/jdepar.2021.v09.i01.p27
Weaver, D. B. (2017). Core–periphery relationships and the sustainability paradox of small island tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 42(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2016.1228559
Westoby, R., Gardiner, S., Carter, R. W., & Scott, N. (2021). Sustainable livelihoods from tourism in the “10 New Balis” in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(6), 702–716. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2021.1908386
Widnyani, I. A. P. S., Antara, I. M. K., & Dewi, N. D. U. (2019). Local Governance Collaboration Model For Preserving Marine Ecosystem In The Coastal Area of Nusa Lembongan Island, Klungkung Regency, Bali. Iapa Proceedings Conference, 210. https://doi.org/10.30589/proceedings.2018.195
Winchenbach, A., Hanna, P., & Miller, G. (2022). Constructing identity in marine tourism diversification. Annals of Tourism Research, 95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103441
Xu, L., Ao, C., Liu, B., & Cai, Z. (2021). Exploring the Influence of Multidimensional Tourist Satisfaction on Preferences for Wetland Ecotourism: a Case Study in Zhalong National Nature Reserve, China. Wetlands, 41(8), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01515-5
Yapanto, L. M., & Paramata, A. R. (2024). Strategy of maritime tourism management Areas ( case study in Gorontalo Province ). 35(2), 29–39.
Yasa, P. N. S., Amerta, I. M. S., Raka, A. A. G., & Sentosa, I. (2023). The Role of Governance in Improving Socio-Economic, Environmental Preservation and Local Culture in Bali Tourism. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.28-10-2022.2328245
Zeng, B. (2017). Cultural centre, destination cultural offer and visitor satisfaction. Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su9111984
